Humanoid Robotics Directory

Companies building the robots that need safety testing

We track 214 companies across 25 countries building humanoid and embodied AI systems. This directory is derived from our research database and updated as new information becomes available. Companies are categorized by deployment stage, geography, and — where applicable — their relevance to our adversarial testing work.

214 Companies
22 Commercial
7 Pilot
71 Prototype
25 Countries
214 / 214 shown
China Private
Commercial Bipedal
Use Cases Developers; research; competitions (RoboCup)

Engineered Arts

Tier B T1
United Kingdom Est. 2004 Private
Commercial Humanoid upper-body
Use Cases Entertainment; education; engagement
Safety Ameca social humanoid deployed in public-facing venues. UK-based, subject to UK AI regulation. Designed for safe human interaction in entertainment contexts.
Hong Kong Est. 2013 Private
Commercial Humanoid upper-body
Use Cases Entertainment; engagement; research
Safety Sophia humanoid. Entertainment and social interaction focus. Hong Kong-based. No heavy industrial applications reduces physical safety risk profile.
United States Research institute
Commercial Other
Italy Govt-linked / Research institute
Commercial Bipedal
Use Cases Research
Japan Est. 1979 Private
Commercial Humanoid upper-body
Safety NEXTAGE robot deployed in factories. Japanese industrial safety standards apply. Long track record in manufacturing robotics.
China Est. 2022
Commercial Other
Safety CL-1 humanoid. Chinese company focused on dynamic locomotion. Commercial availability claimed. No public safety documentation.
Spain Est. 2004 Private
Commercial Bipedal
Use Cases Research
Safety TALOS and REEM-C humanoids. EU-based, subject to EU AI Act. ISO 13482 compliant designs. Long track record in safe HRI research deployments.
France Est. 2016 Private
Commercial Humanoid upper-body
Safety Reachy open-source humanoid. French company, EU AI Act applies. Designed for safe human proximity. Teleoperation capability provides human oversight.
China Est. 2006
Commercial Humanoid upper-body
Safety Sanbot service robots deployed commercially. Chinese company. Designed for public-facing service environments with basic collision avoidance.

ROBOTIS

T1
South Korea Est. 1999 Public/Private
Commercial Bipedal
Use Cases Research; education
Safety DYNAMIXEL ecosystem widely used in research. OP3 humanoid platform. South Korean company with decades of robot safety experience in education/research.
South Korea Est. 2011
Commercial Bipedal
Safety HUBO lineage. South Korean company with government research ties. RB-Y1 humanoid. Published collaborative robot safety standards.
Japan Subsidiary / Private
Commercial Humanoid upper-body
Use Cases Customer service; education; engagement
Japan Est. 2005 Private
Commercial Bipedal
Safety NAO widely deployed in education and therapy. CE marked. Thousands of units in schools and care facilities. Established safe interaction track record.

Tesollo

T2
South Korea
Commercial Other
China Est. 2016 Private
Commercial Bipedal
Use Cases Research; general-purpose experimentation; potential consumer/industrial
Safety G1 and H1 humanoids commercially available. Low-cost approach raises safety certification questions. Rapid iteration model.
Commercial Other
Unknown Est. 2023
Commercial Humanoid upper-body
Safety Humanoid robot development platform. Commercial availability. Early-stage company, limited safety documentation.

Agility Robotics

Tier A T1
United States Est. 2015 Private
Pilot Bipedal
Use Cases Logistics; manufacturing
Safety Digit deployed in Amazon warehouse pilot. RoboFab manufacturing facility. Published safety case for warehouse operations. Working toward commercial safety certification.
Colombia
Limited Deployment

1X Technologies

Tier A T1
United States Est. 2014 Private
Pilot Bipedal
Use Cases Home assistance
Safety OpenAI-backed. EVE and NEO humanoids. Norway-based with EU AI Act compliance path. No public safety whitepaper yet.
Pilot Bipedal
Use Cases Industrial and service applications
Safety Backed by Shanghai AI Lab. Open-source approach to embodied AI. Chinese AI governance framework applies.

Figure AI

Tier A T1
United States Est. 2022 Private
Pilot Bipedal
Use Cases General labor; industrial tasks
Safety Partnered with BMW for factory pilot. OpenAI partnership for AI integration. No public safety whitepaper. $2.6B valuation indicates rapid scaling pressure.
United States Est. 2023
Pilot Humanoid upper-body
Safety AI for humanoid robots. Early pilot stage. Limited public safety information.

Sanctuary AI

Tier A T1
Canada Est. 2018 Private
Pilot Bipedal
Use Cases Industrial labor; data capture; general labor
Safety Carbon and Phoenix general-purpose robots. Teleoperation-first approach provides human oversight by design. Canadian AI safety regulatory environment.
China Est. 2012 Public/Private
Pilot Bipedal
Use Cases Industrial assembly lines; service scenarios
Safety Walker series humanoids. Deployed in commercial settings in China. Shenzhen-listed company with regulatory compliance obligations.
Prototype Bipedal
Use Cases Construction; heavy labor research

Apptronik

Tier B T1
United States Est. 2016 Private
Prototype Bipedal
Use Cases Industrial work; general labor
Safety Apollo humanoid. NASA collaboration heritage (Valkyrie). Mercedes-Benz partnership for factory deployment. Safety-focused design for human co-working.
Prototype Humanoid upper-body
Safety Chinese humanoid startup. Prototype stage with manipulation demos. No public safety policy.
United States Private
Prototype Bipedal

Boston Dynamics

Tier B T1
United States Est. 1992 Subsidiary
Prototype Bipedal
Use Cases Industrial automation; factory tasks
Safety Industry-leading safety testing for legged robots. Published robot safety principles. Hyundai subsidiary. Extensive field deployment safety record with Spot.
Prototype Other
Japan/France Research institute
Prototype Bipedal
United States Research institute
Prototype Other
Prototype Bipedal
Prototype Other
China Est. 2023 Private
Prototype Bipedal
Use Cases Research; industry; service; home (per about page)
China Private
Prototype Bipedal
Use Cases Research; assistance; service scenarios
Prototype Humanoid upper-body
Prototype Other
Germany Govt-linked / Research institute
Prototype Humanoid upper-body

Haier

T2
China
Prototype

Hexagon

T2
Sweden
Prototype Bipedal

Hexagon Robotics

Tier B T1
Sweden
Prototype Bipedal
South Korea
Prototype Bipedal
United States Research institute
Prototype Other

Humanoid (UK)

Tier A T1
United Kingdom
Prototype Bipedal
Germany Research institute
Prototype Bipedal
United States Research institute
Prototype Bipedal

K-Scale Labs

Tier B T1
United States Est. 2024
Prototype Bipedal
Safety Open-source humanoid robotics. Stompy robot. Early stage. No formal safety certification yet.
South Korea Govt-linked / Research institute
Prototype Bipedal
Use Cases Research; disaster response competitions
China Est. 2023 Private
Prototype Bipedal
Prototype Bipedal
China Private
Prototype Bipedal
Prototype Bipedal
Israel Est. 2022
Prototype Bipedal
Safety Israeli humanoid robotics startup. Founded by Prof. Amnon Shashua (Mobileye). Automotive safety expertise in leadership.

Midea

T2
China
Prototype
United States Govt-linked / Research institute
Prototype Bipedal
Germany Est. 2019 Private
Prototype Bipedal
Use Cases Industrial workflows; everyday assistance
Safety 4NE-1 cognitive humanoid. German company, EU AI Act applies. Cognitive robotics focus with human-aware safety features. ISO compliance path.
United Kingdom Research institute
Prototype Other
Prototype Bipedal
China Private
Prototype Bipedal
United States Research institute
Prototype Bipedal
United States
Prototype
Switzerland Research institute
Prototype Bipedal
Switzerland Research institute
Prototype Bipedal
Prototype Other
Prototype
China
Prototype Bipedal
United States
Prototype Humanoid upper-body
Taiwan
Prototype Humanoid upper-body

Tesla

T1
United States Est. 2003 Public
Prototype Bipedal
Use Cases Factory tasks; repetitive/unsafe work
Safety Automotive safety infrastructure. Optimus humanoid under internal development. Subject to NHTSA and OSHA regulatory frameworks.
Japan Est. 1937 Public
Prototype Other
Use Cases Research; remote operation
United States
Prototype Bipedal
Vietnam
Prototype Bipedal
United States
Prototype Bipedal

XPENG

T1
China Est. 2014 Public
Prototype Bipedal
Safety Iron humanoid robot from automotive company. Automotive safety engineering expertise transfers. Subject to Chinese robotics regulations.

Xiaomi

T2
China Public
Prototype Bipedal
Use Cases Research; ecosystem experimentation
Unknown Private
Concept Humanoid upper-body
Use Cases Home chores

Honda

T1
Japan Est. 1948 Public
Discontinued Bipedal
Use Cases Research; demos; tech transfer
Safety ASIMO program discontinued 2022 after pioneering humanoid safety research. Legacy includes decades of safe bipedal locomotion research.
China Private
Unknown
Prototype
Safety Japanese government research institute. HRP series humanoids used in disaster response research. Published safety standards for humanoid operation.
Germany Private
Unknown
Commercial
Safety NAO robot widely deployed in education and research. CE certified. Aldebaran rebranded 2024 with renewed focus. Built-in safe interaction behaviors.
United States Private
Unknown
United States Private
Unknown
China Private
Unknown
United Kingdom Private
Unknown

BOSHIAC

T2
China Private
Unknown
Unknown
China Govt-linked / Research institute
Unknown
Unknown
United States Private
Unknown
Prototype
Safety Hyundai-backed research institute. Atlas platform has extensive safety testing history. Published safety-aware locomotion research.
United Kingdom
Unknown
United States Private
Unknown
China Private
Unknown
Poland Est. 2019 Private
Prototype
Safety Musculoskeletal humanoid approach (artificial muscles). Polish company, EU AI Act applies. Early prototype stage. No public safety docs.
China Private
Unknown
China Private
Unknown
China Private
Unknown
China Private
Unknown
China Private
Unknown

Dexmate

T2
United Kingdom Private
Unknown
China Private
Unknown
France Est. 2021 Private
Prototype
Safety Miroki and Mirokai companion robots. French company, EU AI Act applies. Designed for healthcare and hospitality safe interaction.
China Private
Unknown

Festo

T2
Germany Est. 1925 Private
Prototype
Safety BionicMobileAssistant and bionic humanoid concepts. German industrial automation company with extensive ISO safety certification expertise.
Germany Private
Unknown
Unknown
Commercial
Safety GR-1 commercially available since 2024. Medical device background (rehabilitation robots) informs safety approach. ISO 13482 awareness.
Unknown
China Private
Unknown
Italy Private
Unknown

GigaAI

T2
China
Unknown
Unknown
Discontinued
Safety ASIMO program discontinued 2022. Decades of humanoid safety research legacy. Honda pivoting to Avatar robot with safety-first teleoperation design.
Prototype
Safety Parent company of Boston Dynamics. Internal humanoid R&D program. Automotive safety culture and Hyundai's industrial robot safety standards apply.
Unknown
South Korea
Unknown
South Korea
Unknown
Prototype
Safety Open-source iCub platform used by 30+ labs worldwide. EU-funded safety research including safe human-robot interaction. Published HRI safety studies.
China
Unknown
South Korea Est. 2002
Prototype
Safety Academic research lab. HUBO platform used in DARPA Robotics Challenge. Published safety-aware humanoid control research.
Unknown
South Korea
Unknown
United States
Unknown
United States
Unknown
South Korea Est. 1958
Prototype
Safety CLOi series service robots. Korean electronics giant with established safety certification infrastructure. AI Ethics principles published.
Unknown
Unknown
United States Est. 2009
Prototype
Safety Academic lab. Mini Cheetah and humanoid research. Published safety-aware control research. University IRB oversight for experiments.
Prototype
Safety Internal research division. Focus on manipulation and embodied AI. Meta's Responsible AI team provides oversight. No standalone humanoid safety policy.
United States
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Prototype
Safety Project GR00T foundation model for humanoids. Isaac Sim for safe simulation-first development. Enables but does not deploy humanoids directly.
South Korea Est. 2017
Prototype
Safety AMBIDEX robot arms and service robots. South Korean company. Published safe HRI research. Naver AI Ethics principles apply.
United States
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
United Kingdom
Unknown
Discontinued
Safety OpenAI dissolved internal robotics team in 2021. Published influential sim-to-real and dexterous manipulation research. Safety research continues in LLM domain.
China
Unknown

PHYBOT

T3
China
Unknown
China
Unknown
China
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
India
Unknown Humanoid upper-body
Unknown
United States
Unknown
United Kingdom
Unknown

SCHUNK

T3
Germany
Unknown
Prototype
Safety Corporate R&D division. Samsung Ballie and humanoid research. Korean electronics safety certification infrastructure applies.
Unknown
Unknown
Commercial
Safety Pepper deployed in thousands of commercial locations. CE marked. Built-in collision detection and safe interaction modes for public spaces.

Sulu.be

T3
Belgium
Unknown
Unknown
United States
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
United States Est. 2021
Prototype
Safety Internal safety team; subject to NHTSA oversight for autonomous systems. No standalone humanoid safety whitepaper published.
United States
Unknown
Prototype
Safety Automotive safety culture applied to robotics. T-HR3 teleoperated design includes force-feedback safety limits. Toyota Research Institute funds safety research.
Commercial
Safety H1 humanoid commercially available. No public safety whitepaper specific to humanoid. General robot safety docs available.
China
Unknown
China
Unknown
Unknown
Prototype
Safety Internal program within Xiaomi. CyberOne unveiled 2022. No public humanoid safety policy; consumer electronics safety standards apply.
Unknown
Unknown
Italy
Unknown